Weaving and unraveling

Disquiet in philosophy might be said to arise from looking at philosophy wrongly, seeing it wrong, namely as if it were divided into (infinite) longitudinal strips instead of into (finite) cross strips. This inversion in our conception produces the greatest difficulty. So we try as it were to grasp the unlimited strips and complain that it cannot be done piecemeal. To be sure it cannot, if by a piece one means an infinite longitudinal strip. But it may well be done, if one means a cross-strip.—But in that case we never get to the end of our work!—Of course not, for it has no end.
(We want to replace wild conjectures and explanations by quiet weighing of linguistic facts.)

(Wittgenstein, Zettel §447)

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体罰が暴力であるのはどういう時か

1.

大阪市立桜宮高校バスケットボール部の生徒が自殺し、部活の顧問教諭が日常的に生徒に体罰を与えていたことが明らかになってから、教育の場における体罰の問題が様々に議論されている。

これが繊細で複雑で感情的な激論を引き起しやすい話題なのは容易にうかがえるけれど、あまり広く認知されていないと思われるのは、この種の議論には哲学が建設的に貢献できる余地が相当あるということだ。教育、法律、規範、善悪、罰、苦痛、暴力——これらの事柄について、多くの哲学者たちがずっと昔から極めて真摯に考えを巡らせてきた。哲学者たちが「答え」を知っているとは言えないが、参考にするべき思索の積み重ねはある。それに、教育における体罰というのは多くの人にとって具体的で日常のすぐ近くにある問題だから、これを反省的に考える際には、個人的な経験や気持ちが邪魔をして、論証の妥当性を的確に吟味できなかったり、そこで使われるさまざまな概念の意味を正確に把握できなかったりして、混乱に陥ってしまうこともある。そこで、哲学的、批判的思考あるいは態度がある種の対抗手段になる。 Continue reading

A Tractarian Rilke (and reprise)

Many would agree that the concluding few pages of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus are among the most difficult bits of that thin treatise to get one’s head around, though they are also pretty mesmerising. Depending on what kind of reader you are, you would further say that these are also the most suggestive, the most nonsensical (if that makes sense), or most philosophically maddening. However that may be, recently, while I was spending some time re-reading these pages, I happened on a Rilke piece, which I had known, but which now struck me as being pretty Tractarian. (It may not at all be: I may just be suffering that syndrome, familiar to some, where one sees the thoughts of one’s favourite philosopher manifest everywhere.) Continue reading

Schubert’s two great bells

Today I went to a piano recital by Imogen Cooper, the new Humanitas visiting professor at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge (thanks E for suggesting that we go to this event). The programme was all-Schubert, and included two sonatas: one in A minor (D784), and the other in D major (D850, sometimes called the “Gasteiner”). These two sonatas contain two impressive bell-like passages, which linger in thought long after they are heard. Continue reading

信じ難くない物語は信じるに値しない(『パイの物語』)

土曜日、ロンドンで映画『Life of Pi』(Ang Lee監督、日本語公式サイトはこちら)を観た。同行してくれたK氏とY氏に感謝。映画鑑賞の経験値がとても低い僕は、こちらの映画館に行くのは二回目で、3Dの作品を観るのは初めて。技術を見せびらかすような3D演出で頭が痛くなったりはしないかなんて小さな不安も完全な杞憂に終わり、映像は最初から最後まで「spectacular(人の目を引きつけてる、みごとな、壮大な、豪華な)」という形容詞がふさわしい素晴らしいものだった。映画の大部分は太平洋に小さなボートが一艘漂っているというシーンなので、ともすれば単調にもなりかねないのだけど、海と空の「表情」とでも呼べるものの描き方が特筆すべき美しさで、黄金の砂漠のような茫漠な海もあれば、遠い銀河のような漆黒で深遠な空もあり、飛び魚の弾幕やクジラのサマーソルトなどもあわせて、大胆で幻想的な映像表現に魅了された。[以下、多少のネタバレあり] Continue reading

What was Strawson’s concern?

(Moral Philosophy Seminar, 21 Jan. 2013.)

Martin O’Neill says that P. F. Strawson’s “Freedom and Resentment” (hereafter FR) presents a view that is strongly anti-sceptical and anti-revisionary with respect to our standard practice of holding each other morally responsible. O’Neill argues that this anti-revisionary stance is unwarranted: Strawson fails to make two important distinctions, by properly acknowledging which one sees that there is room for some selective revisions to the practice in question, should there be independently good reasons for making them. Continue reading